Portable systems extend computer-assisted semen analysis to insemination centres and reproductive facilities in the field – a review

Semen quality assessment is essential to livestock production. Traditionally, such assessments have been performed using a subjective visual inspection often with unreliable accuracy. Over the last three decades, on the other hand, computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) systems objectively measure semen quality, specifically sperm motility, concentration, kinematics, and morphology. This paper reviewed the current state of portable CASA systems on livestock farms. Breeders have used CASA technology to evaluate assisted reproductive techniques in animal breeding programs and fish spermatozoa. Despite their usefulness, benchtop CASA systems are expensive and large, which restricts their use to laboratories. New versions with portable devices, however, allow breeders to evaluate semen on-farm with various benefits thereof. Basic training is required to use the equipment and prepare samples whether in situ or ex situ. Currently, some portable systems have been calibrated for in situ use not only for livestock, but for domestic and wild animals including some endangered species. As these technologies are not yet widespread, their continued testing and training will only improve male reproductive selection and sample cryopreservation in livestock, wildlife, and domestic animals.