Detección del virus del enanismo amarillo de la cebolla (OYDV) y el virus latente común del ajo (GCLV) en ajo (Allium sativum L) costarricense

Viral diseases are responsible for significant losses in crop yield of garlic around the world, limiting their production. In this research Costa Rican garlic material was analyzed to determine the incidence of virus: Garlic Common Latent Virus (GCLV) and Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus (OYDV) applying DAS-ELISA test in order to meet their phytosanitary status. Field bulbs were tested according normal appearance (N), normal appearance with yellow robes (TN) and deformed bulbs (D). Also normal leaves (N), symptomatic (S) and leaves with possible presence of viral vectors (VT), material collected from field. Vitroplants were analyzed result of the introduction of shoot tips of 1,0 and 0,5 cm in length from normal bulbs (N) and yellow robe bulbs (TA) as well as two batches of in vitro bulblets obtained by apex introductions of 1,0cm in length from bulbs of normal appearance. It found that 33% of the field bulbs were positive for GCLV (TA), while OYDV was detected in 100% of the samples, regardless of appearance. 100% of the leaves from field were positive for OYDV, while only normal leaves were infected by GCLV (33%). 100% of the plantlets showed no GCLV infection, while for OYDV only the shoot tips of 1.0 cm length obtained from the bulbs with yellow robe, showed no incidence. GCLV was found in 100% of the samples for both batches; only 50% of in vitro bulbs were positive for OYDV. We conclude that the viruses GCLV and OYDV are present in garlic of Costa Rica, detected by DAS-ELISA test. Were detected a high incidence and differential organ infection. It is recommended to combine diverse methods with the in vitro culture of shoot tips for more effective viral removal, thus helping increase the value and enhance the local seed crop.