Slightly Depleted Lubricant-Infused Surfaces Are No Longer Slippery

Textured surfaces infused with a lubricating fluid effectively reduce fouling and drag. These functions critically depend on the presence and distribution of the lubricant, which can be depleted by many mechanisms, including shear flow. We present a two-phase Couette flow computational dynamic simulation over lubricant-infused surfaces containing grooves oriented perpendicular to the flow direction, with the aim of revealing how interfacial slip, and therefore drag reduction, is impacted by lubricant depletion. We show that even a slight (20%) lubricant loss decreases slip to the point of making the lubricant superfluous, even for lubricants with lower viscosity than the flowing liquid and regardless of how well the lubricant wets the grooves. We explain that the drastic slip reduction is linked to a significant increase in the total viscous dissipation and to zero dissipation in the lubricant (similar to the one given by a no-slip boundary).