Genome editing in Latin America: research achievements and regulatory evolution

Genome editing, mainly CRISPR/Cas9, has been revolutionizing agricultural biotechnology through precise modifications to plant and animal genomes. This review highlights advancements in research and regulatory development of genome editing across Latin America. The region has seen substantial progress in building a regulatory framework to adopt genome editing technologies that enhance crop yield, nutritional content, and resistance to pests and diseases, as well as address critical challenges such as food insecurity and climate change. The article discusses the evolution of regulatory frameworks in various Latin American countries and their trends toward using foreign genetic material to determine regulatory oversight. Argentina pioneered this approach, followed by Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, Honduras, and Guatemala. Recent updates from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Colombia reflect a similar rationale to balance innovation with safety and compliance with international standards. Regional examples of genome editing demonstrate the potential to improve crop quality and sustainability of coffee, rice, cacao, beans, and potatoes. Public perception and acceptance of genome editing are also explored, with surveys indicating strong support for regulatory measures in Costa Rica. The article further explores public perception and acceptance of genome editing indicating strong support for regulation in Costa Rica. The review underscores the importance of continued research, public engagement, and international cooperation that foster responsible development of genome-editing technologies in Latin America.