Empresas académicas o spin-off académicas: estudio exploratorio en países emergentes

Objective: The study aimed to understand the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics, human capital, contact networks, and the business environment in the emergence of academic spin-offs in emerging countries. Methodology: A multiple case study design was adapted, focusing on public universities in Latin America. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and non-participant observation. The information was analyzed using NVIVO 12, with thematic coding and triangulation of sources to ensure validity. Additionally, inter- and intra-case analyses were conducted to identify patterns and differences. Findings: The findings show that entrepreneurial motivation, interdisciplinary diversity, and the technical competencies of the founding team favored the emergence of spin-offs and allowed them to face market challenges. Social and professional networks broadened opportunities for access to resources and markets, while a favorable business environment contributed to the consolidation and growth of these academic ventures. Conclusion: However, the study reveals the need to design strategies that strengthen the local business environment and integrate spin-offs into the innovation ecosystem. Moreover, universities should encourage the creation of multidisciplinary teams to enhance the visibility of these projects.