Chlorella vulgaris: Estado del arte en aplicaciones biotecnológicas, energéticas y ambientales

This exhaustive review focuses on the multifaceted potential of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris in various biotechnological
fields. After carefully reviewing 180 initial sources, 70 were selected to address key aspects such as the role of Chlorella
vulgaris in energy generation, its contribution to CO2 capture, and its effectiveness in wastewater treatment.
In the energy sector, the capacity of Chlorella vulgaris to generate energy is highlighted, as evidenced by studies exploring
its application in the production of biodiesel, biohydrogen, and bioelectricity. These findings underscore the versatility of
Chlorella vulgaris in sustainable energy generation and its crucial role in mitigating the overexploitation of other sources for
obtaining polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), essential for human health. Additionally, the active role of Chlorella vulgaris in
CO2 capture is explored, offering a promising perspective for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is particularly relevant
in the cultivation of effluents from palm oil plants (POME), where this nutritionally rich residue is utilized to improve both
biomass and the quality of produced fatty acids.
In wastewater treatment, co-cultivation of microalgae, such as Chlorella vulgaris, is being investigated as an effective strategy
for treating water and generating bioenergy. The choice between open and closed co-cultivation systems is addressed,
seeking operational efficiency and control of growth conditions. This research seeks to develop optimal conditions and new
knowledge to promote the use of these microalgae as a valuable resource in various fields.