Producción de mutantes de arroz (Oryza sativa) tolerantes a herbicidas utilizando rayos gamma para contribuir con el manejo sostenible del cultivo

Genetic improvement of rice has been focused on the search for varieties that show tolerance or resistance to specific conditions that limit production. One of the most limiting factors is weeds control, which reduces harvest by up to 50%, if not done in a timely manner. Conventional methods of control are not viable in rice, because it is an extensive crop it is impossible to balance the time of weeding and the appearance and abundance of weeds in the field. Currently there is no other method of weed control as efficient as the use of herbicides, gaining great acceptance among farmers by the widespread increase in production and the incorporation of zero or minimum tillage practices, which result in less impact in the environment and in the health of the workers, and the most cost-effective way for weed control. Therefore, the development of herbicide tolerant varieties will make weed control more cost and time-effective. For this purpose, radio-induced mutagenesis in rice is widely used for the generation of genetic variability and has been more easily accepted by producers and consumers than other breeding techniques such as transgenesis and conventional breeding that requires a lot of time and investment. This purpose of this research is obtaining mutants tolerant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and atrazine herbicides, irradiating embryogenic calluses of rice with gamma rays using a commercial variety demanded by consumers. The methodology will consist of inducing embryogenic calluses from seeds established aseptically in vitro, then, those calluses will be irradiated with different doses to determine the LD50. Afterwards, the sensitivity to herbicides will be determined in non-irradiated and irradiated calluses by culturing them in the medium with the herbicides. Mutant regenerated lines will be multiplied and transferred to the greenhouse to obtain the M2. Additionally, these M1 and M2 plants with tolerance to herbicides will be analyzed by sequencing the target psbA and ACCase genes. The type of mutation and the heritability of herbicide resistance will be analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Tolerant lines will be transferred to farmers for evaluation in the field.

Producir mutantes de arroz (Oryza sativa) tolerantes a herbicidas utilizando
rayos gamma para contribuir con el manejo sostenible del cultivo

iotecnología vegetal, apoyo al mejoramiento genético de cultivos, Física Aplicada