Fabricación y caracterización de tableros aislantes de baja densidad a partir de fibras naturales y adhesivo biodegradable

In the current context of environmental crisis and growing demand for sustainable materials, the development of eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic materials used in industry—particularly in thermal and acoustic insulation, a field traditionally dominated by petroleum-based products—has become urgent. In this regard, low-density boards made from natural fibers and biodegradable adhesives emerge as a promising option. However, at both national and regional levels, there is a significant lack of studies addressing the physical-mechanical and thermoacoustic characterization of boards made from agro-industrial waste, such as fiber from the balsa tree fruit (FB) and fiber from pineapple leaves (FP). This research proposal aims to fill that gap by manufacturing and characterizing low-density insulating boards made from FB and FP, using polylactic acid (PLA) as a biodegradable adhesive. The methodology involves the use of two types of fiber, two densities, and three thicknesses. The morphological characteristics—fiber length and diameter, and lumen diameter (using scanning electron microscopy, SEM)—and chemical properties (cellulose and lignin content, C, N, H, O levels, extractives, pH, volatile matter, and ash content) of the fibers will be determined. Finally, the boards will be evaluated for their acoustic properties (sound loss, sound absorption, and sound attenuation coefficient), thermal properties (thermal conductivity and resistance values), physical properties (density, water absorption, moisture content, porosity, and wettability), and mechanical properties (compression and tensile strength). The goal is to obtain materials with good insulating performance and adequate strength, promoting the use of renewable resources and the development of sustainable bio composites for green construction.

Fabricar tableros aislantes de baja densidad a partir de fibras provenientes del fruto de la balsa y de la hoja de la piña utilizando PLA como adhesivo y, determinar sus propiedades termoacústicas, físicas y mecánicas.

Tecnología de la madera, biomateriales, biomasa y dendroenergía