El diseño del paisaje urbano desde la diversidad social, cultural y ambiental del Conjunto del Paseo de las Damas en Costa Rica: Caso de los Parques Nacional, España y Morazán.

The design of Latin American public space has been conditioned by globalizing tendencies of Eurocentric and anthropocentric tradition inscribed in the paradigms of modernity/coloniality, which invisibilize the diversity that inhabits our territory. The geometric and architectural approaches, the insertion of exotic species and the design for a social hegemony, have been criteria to follow in the design. It was not until the middle of the 20th century that the landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx incorporated a new approach to design, taking advantage of the floristic diversity of our tropics. The "Paseo de las Damas" forms a path that joins the Morazán, Spain and National Parks, generating an urban artistic, heritage and cultural complex of transcendental relevance. The design of these sites has gone through a long process of environmental, social and cultural transformations understudied, where the organic design composition of the Spain Park and the more formal conformation of the other two parks highlighted. The problem to solve in this research is summarized in the following questions: What has been the evolution of the design of these parks, their conceptual and ideological influences and their relationship with the promotion of socio-ecological diversities and the management of sustainable tourism? What recommendations can be proposed for the design of public space, the promotion of socio-cultural, environmental and tourist diversity and the decarbonization of the Carmen district? An interdisciplinary team work is proposed that incorporates professionals from three schools of the Costa Rica Institute of Technology, the Natural History Department of the Costa Rica National Museum, the Municipality of San José and the Venezuela Central University. By means of aerial photos, historical plans and photographs, a study of the evolution of the parks will be carried out, analyzing the changes in terms of vegetation and artistic works, as well as the processes of patrimonialization and conception. The methodology will include field work for the mapping and survey of species and architectural elements. Participatory workshops and interviews will be carried out to identify the degree of sense of belonging of the users, as well as a comparative evaluation of the parks, according to their biological diversity and based on the methodology of "The Keys for the success of public space" by UN HABITAT, Gehl and Svarre, among others. Thanks to the synthesis of the results, the discussion of the multidisciplinary team and the consultation of bibliographic information, strategies will be proposed to carry out actions in the parks that can become a guide to elaborate proposals in the district. With this study, it is achieved to obtain a comparative and evolutionary analysis of the three parks, as well as analysis sheets of species and architectural and artistic components, vegetation plans, and of social diversity according to temporality, and study of identity and patrimonialization of the parks and associated social groups. It will conclude with recommendations for the design of public space and landscape to increase biological, social and cultural diversity in the city, strengthening the cultural and environmental heritage of the urban landscape.

Evaluar el diseño del paisaje urbano desde la diversidad social, cultural,
turística y ambiental del Conjunto del Paseo de las Damas, desde un enfoque comparativo e histórico de sus parques para la generación de estrategias de promoción socio-ecológica del espacio público en estudio.

La propuesta se enmarca en las líneas de investigación de: “Ciudad, territorio y paisaje” y “Patrimonio e identidad” de la Escuela de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (EAU); “Desarrollo humano sostenible” de la Escuela de Ciencias Sociales (ECS); y “Gestión de servicios eco-sistémicos de los recursos naturales” de la Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal (EIFo)